Abstract
–
Keyword –
circuits, Ohm’s law, voltage, resistance, current.
I. INTRODUCTION
Ohm’s
Law is one of the most basic laws in the realms of electrical engineering.
II.OBJECTIVES
By the end of the experiment, the
experimenter should be able to:
·
Verify and
observe Ohm’s Law.
·
Create
series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits.
III. HYPOTHESIS
Ohm’s law is very important. Idk
man i dont even know the purpose of this experiment.
IV. METHODOLOGY
A. Materials
·
Laboratory
Materials
Ø
Multitester
·
Other
Materials
Ø
2 yards
Connecting Wires
Ø
3 Size 8
Illustration Boards
Ø
3 Switches
Ø
8 2V-3V
Lightbulb w/ Sockets
Ø
10 AA
Batteries
Ø
Cutter
Ø
Electrical
Tape
Ø
Long Nose
Pliers
Ø
Screwdriver
B. Experimental Procedures
·
Series
Circuit
Ø
First,
stick two AA batteries to one of the size 8 illustration boards using the
electrical tape. Arrange the set-up of the circuit, the length of the wires
that will be used for a particular circuit will depend on the its set-up. For
the series circuit, two light bulbs and one switch will be used.
Ø
Cut up
four pieces of connecting wires using the long nose pliers then, individually,
remove atleast half an inch of the insulations
from both ends of the wires using the cutter and the long nose pliers.
Make sure that the wire itself does not get damaged when the insulations are
being removed.
Ø
Next, bend
each of the exposed ends of the wires into a U-shape using the long nose pliers
and then using the screwdriver loosen the screws on the two light bulbs and the
screws on the switch’s terminals.
Ø
Insert one
of the wires onto one of the screws on the switch’s terminals and then tighten
it using the screwdriver. Connect the other end of the wire to the positive
terminal of the battery and secure it using the electrical tape.
Ø
Insert a
wire onto the remaining screw of the switch’s terminals and then tighten it
using the screwdriver. After that, insert the other end of the wire to one of
the screws on the first light bulb and then, using the screwdriver, tighten it.
Ø
Next,
connect the first light bulb, via the unused screw in its socket, to the second
light bulb the same way the switch was connected to the first light bulb.
Ø
Insert a
wire onto the remaining screw of the second light bulb and tighten it using a
screwdriver. Connect the other end of the wire to the negative terminal of the
battery and secure it using the electrical tape.
Ø
Check if
the circuit is working and if it doesn’t work, check the wires and make sure
that they are all properly connected.
Ø
Lastly, use
the multitester to measure the voltage, current, and resistance of the circuit.
Make sure to record the data.
·
Parallel
Circuit
Ø
First,
stick four AA batteries to one of the size 8 illustration boards using the
electrical tape. Arrange the set-up of the circuit, the length of the wires
that will be used for a particular circuit will depend on the its set-up. For
the parallel circuit, three light bulbs and one switch will be used.
Ø
Cut up
eight pieces of connecting wires using the long nose pliers then, individually,
remove atleast half an inch of the insulations
from both ends of the wires using the cutter and the long nose pliers.
Make sure that the wire itself does not get damaged when the insulations are
being removed.
Ø
Next, bend
each of the exposed ends of the wires into a U-shape using the long nose pliers
and then using the screwdriver loosen the screws on the three light bulbs and
the screws on the switch’s terminals.
Ø
Insert one
of the wires onto one of the screws on the switch’s terminals and then tighten
it using the screwdriver. Connect the other end of the wire to one of the
screws on the first light bulb but do not tighten it yet.
Ø
Insert a
wire onto the same screw that was used on the previous step and then tighten it
using the screwdriver. After that, insert the other end of the wire to one of
the screws of the second light bulb but do not tighten it yet. Do the same
process for the remaining bulbs and for the other terminal of the switch.
Ø
For the
last light bulb in this circuit, insert a wire on each of its screws and then
tighten it using a screwdriver. Connect the two wires to the positive and
negative terminal of the battery, respectively, and then secure them using the
electrical tape.
Ø
Check if
the circuit is working and if it doesn’t work, check the wires and make sure
that they are all properly connected.
Ø
Lastly,
use the multitester to measure the voltage, current, and resistance of the
circuit. Make sure to record the data.
·
Combined
(Series-Parallel) Circuit
Ø
First,
stick four AA batteries to one of the size 8 illustration boards using the
electrical tape. Arrange the set-up of the circuit, the length of the wires
that will be used for a particular circuit will depend on the its set-up. For
the combined (series-parallel) circuit, three light bulbs and one switch will
be used.
Ø
Cut up
seven pieces of connecting wires using the long nose pliers then, individually,
remove atleast half an inch of the insulations
from both ends of the wires using the cutter and the long nose pliers.
Make sure that the wire itself does not get damaged when the insulations are
being removed.
Ø
Next, bend
each of the exposed ends of the wires into a U-shape using the long nose pliers
and then using the screwdriver loosen the screws on the three light bulbs and the
screws on the switch’s terminals.
Ø
Insert one
of the wires onto one of the screws on the switch’s terminals and then tighten
it using the screwdriver. Connect the other end of the wire to the positive
terminal of the battery and secure it using the electrical tape.
Ø
Insert a
wire onto the remaining screw of the switch’s terminals and then tighten it
using the screwdriver. After that, insert the other end of the wire to one of
the screws on the first light bulb, but
do not tighten it yet.
Ø
Insert a
wire onto the same screw used in the previous step and then tighten it. Insert
the other end of this wire to one of the screws in the second light bulb along
with another wire and then tighten it. Insert the end of the other wire into
one of the screws of the third light bulb along with again another wire and
then tighten it. Leave the other end of this specific wire alone for a
while.
Ø
Go back to
the first light bulb and insert a wire onto the unused screw along with another
wire, whose other end will be connected to the unused screw of the second light
bulb, and then tighten it.
Ø
Insert the
other end of the wire from the previous step along with another wire, which
will be connected to the third light bulb, to the loosened screw of the second
light bulb, and then tighten it. After doing so, take the unused end of the
other wire from this step and insert it onto the loosened screw of the third
light bulb and then tighten it.
Ø
Go back to
the wire from the sixth step and then connect it to the negative end of the
battery’s terminal and secure it using the electrical tape.
Ø
Check if
the circuit is working and if it doesn’t work, check the wires and make sure
that they are all properly connected.
Ø
Lastly,
use the multitester to measure the voltage, current, and resistance of the
circuit. Make sure to record the data.
C. Safety Precautions
·
Handle the
lightbulbs with care in order to avoid breakage.
V. DATA
TABLE I
QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONS
|
Circuit
|
Measurements
|
|
Voltage
|
Current
|
Resistance
|
|
Series
|
|
|
|
|
Parallel
|
|
|
|
|
Series-Parallel (Combined)
|
|
|
|
VI. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
Ohm’s Law was created by German
physicist, George Ohm and is considered as a basic electrical engineering law.
In fact, most of the other
electrical engineering laws use Ohm’s law in their applications and aside from
that, Ohm’s Law’s practical uses also extend from small and simple lab circuits
to rocket and control systems.
Example of this law’s practical
applications would be items like DC Power Supplies, electric heaters, kettles,
mobile phone and laptop chargers, and etc.
That being said, Ohm’s Law is
basically like a bedrock in the field of electrical engineering.
Ohm’s Law deals with the
relationship between voltage, which is
the electrical potential energy per unit, current, which is the flow of
electric charge, and resistance, the hindrance
to the flow of the charge.
Ohm’s Law states that current has
a directly proportional relationship with voltage and a inversely proportional
relationship with resistance.
The Ohm’s Law formula is V = I x
R. Wherein, V is the potential difference between two points which include a
resistance, R, while I is the current flowing through the resistance.
Being a basic electrical
engineering law, Ohm’s Law deals with electrical circuits and is considered as
the most fundamental formula in electrical circuits. An electrical circuit is a
path in which electrons from a volatage or a current source flows.
Ohm’s Law also states that the
electrical current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential difference across the conductor.
The voltage in a series circuit is
shared by all the other terminals in the circuit. Therefore, the terminals dont
get the same voltage as the others. Also, when one of the terminals is taken
out the others will not function.
However, in a parallel circuit the
electrons have
What
happens to the voltage in a series-circuit? What about the current? (Use Data
Here)
WHAT DATA THERE IS NO DATA
What
happens to the voltage in a parallel-circuit?
THERE IS NO DATA
What is
the significance of Ohm’s Law in electrical circuits as regards proper handling
and safety?
Ohm’s Laws significance in terms
of proper handling and safety can be seen through the usage of extension cords.
Knowing how much current an extension card can take can be the defining line
between safety and danger.
It is also important to know how
to derive the current from the resistance. Especially since sometimes it is
only the resistance that is shown and not the actual possible input current of
the cord.
VII. CONCLUSION
OHMS LAW IS IMPORTANT OKIE
