Ohm’s Law through Circuit

Abstract –

Keyword – circuits, Ohm’s law, voltage, resistance, current.

I. INTRODUCTION

Ohm’s Law is one of the most basic laws in the realms of electrical engineering.

II.OBJECTIVES

By the end of the experiment, the experimenter should be able to:

·         Verify and observe Ohm’s Law.

·         Create series, parallel, and series-parallel circuits.

III. HYPOTHESIS

Ohm’s law is very important. Idk man i dont even know the purpose of this experiment.

IV. METHODOLOGY

A. Materials

·         Laboratory Materials

Ø  Multitester

·         Other Materials

Ø  2 yards Connecting Wires

Ø  3 Size 8 Illustration Boards

Ø  3 Switches

Ø  8 2V-3V Lightbulb w/ Sockets

Ø  10 AA Batteries

Ø  Cutter

Ø  Electrical Tape

Ø  Long Nose Pliers

Ø  Screwdriver

B. Experimental Procedures

·         Series Circuit

Ø  First, stick two AA batteries to one of the size 8 illustration boards using the electrical tape. Arrange the set-up of the circuit, the length of the wires that will be used for a particular circuit will depend on the its set-up. For the series circuit, two light bulbs and one switch will be used.

Ø  Cut up four pieces of connecting wires using the long nose pliers then, individually, remove atleast half an inch of the insulations  from both ends of the wires using the cutter and the long nose pliers. Make sure that the wire itself does not get damaged when the insulations are being removed.

Ø  Next, bend each of the exposed ends of the wires into a U-shape using the long nose pliers and then using the screwdriver loosen the screws on the two light bulbs and the screws on the switch’s terminals.

Ø  Insert one of the wires onto one of the screws on the switch’s terminals and then tighten it using the screwdriver. Connect the other end of the wire to the positive terminal of the battery and secure it using the electrical tape. 

Ø  Insert a wire onto the remaining screw of the switch’s terminals and then tighten it using the screwdriver. After that, insert the other end of the wire to one of the screws on the first light bulb and then, using the screwdriver, tighten it.  

Ø  Next, connect the first light bulb, via the unused screw in its socket, to the second light bulb the same way the switch was connected to the first light bulb.

Ø  Insert a wire onto the remaining screw of the second light bulb and tighten it using a screwdriver. Connect the other end of the wire to the negative terminal of the battery and secure it using the electrical tape.

Ø  Check if the circuit is working and if it doesn’t work, check the wires and make sure that they are all properly connected.

Ø  Lastly, use the multitester to measure the voltage, current, and resistance of the circuit. Make sure to record the data.

·         Parallel Circuit

Ø  First, stick four AA batteries to one of the size 8 illustration boards using the electrical tape. Arrange the set-up of the circuit, the length of the wires that will be used for a particular circuit will depend on the its set-up. For the parallel circuit, three light bulbs and one switch will be used.

Ø  Cut up eight pieces of connecting wires using the long nose pliers then, individually, remove atleast half an inch of the insulations  from both ends of the wires using the cutter and the long nose pliers. Make sure that the wire itself does not get damaged when the insulations are being removed.

Ø  Next, bend each of the exposed ends of the wires into a U-shape using the long nose pliers and then using the screwdriver loosen the screws on the three light bulbs and the screws on the switch’s terminals.

Ø  Insert one of the wires onto one of the screws on the switch’s terminals and then tighten it using the screwdriver. Connect the other end of the wire to one of the screws on the first light bulb but do not tighten it yet.

Ø  Insert a wire onto the same screw that was used on the previous step and then tighten it using the screwdriver. After that, insert the other end of the wire to one of the screws of the second light bulb but do not tighten it yet. Do the same process for the remaining bulbs and for the other terminal of the switch.

Ø  For the last light bulb in this circuit, insert a wire on each of its screws and then tighten it using a screwdriver. Connect the two wires to the positive and negative terminal of the battery, respectively, and then secure them using the electrical tape.

Ø  Check if the circuit is working and if it doesn’t work, check the wires and make sure that they are all properly connected.

Ø  Lastly, use the multitester to measure the voltage, current, and resistance of the circuit. Make sure to record the data.

·         Combined (Series-Parallel) Circuit

Ø  First, stick four AA batteries to one of the size 8 illustration boards using the electrical tape. Arrange the set-up of the circuit, the length of the wires that will be used for a particular circuit will depend on the its set-up. For the combined (series-parallel) circuit, three light bulbs and one switch will be used.

Ø  Cut up seven pieces of connecting wires using the long nose pliers then, individually, remove atleast half an inch of the insulations  from both ends of the wires using the cutter and the long nose pliers. Make sure that the wire itself does not get damaged when the insulations are being removed.

Ø  Next, bend each of the exposed ends of the wires into a U-shape using the long nose pliers and then using the screwdriver loosen the screws on the three light bulbs and the screws on the switch’s terminals.

Ø  Insert one of the wires onto one of the screws on the switch’s terminals and then tighten it using the screwdriver. Connect the other end of the wire to the positive terminal of the battery and secure it using the electrical tape. 

Ø  Insert a wire onto the remaining screw of the switch’s terminals and then tighten it using the screwdriver. After that, insert the other end of the wire to one of the screws on  the first light bulb, but do not tighten it yet.

Ø  Insert a wire onto the same screw used in the previous step and then tighten it. Insert the other end of this wire to one of the screws in the second light bulb along with another wire and then tighten it. Insert the end of the other wire into one of the screws of the third light bulb along with again another wire and then tighten it. Leave the other end of this specific wire alone for a while. 

Ø  Go back to the first light bulb and insert a wire onto the unused screw along with another wire, whose other end will be connected to the unused screw of the second light bulb, and then tighten it.

Ø  Insert the other end of the wire from the previous step along with another wire, which will be connected to the third light bulb, to the loosened screw of the second light bulb, and then tighten it. After doing so, take the unused end of the other wire from this step and insert it onto the loosened screw of the third light bulb and then tighten it.  

Ø  Go back to the wire from the sixth step and then connect it to the negative end of the battery’s terminal and secure it using the electrical tape.

Ø  Check if the circuit is working and if it doesn’t work, check the wires and make sure that they are all properly connected.

Ø  Lastly, use the multitester to measure the voltage, current, and resistance of the circuit. Make sure to record the data.

C. Safety Precautions

·         Handle the lightbulbs with care in order to avoid breakage.

V. DATA

TABLE I
QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONS

Circuit	Measurements
	Voltage	Current	Resistance
Series
Parallel
Series-Parallel (Combined)

VI. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

Ohm’s Law was created by German physicist, George Ohm and is considered as a basic electrical engineering law.

In fact, most of the other electrical engineering laws use Ohm’s law in their applications and aside from that, Ohm’s Law’s practical uses also extend from small and simple lab circuits to rocket and control systems.

Example of this law’s practical applications would be items like DC Power Supplies, electric heaters, kettles, mobile phone and laptop chargers, and etc.

That being said, Ohm’s Law is basically like a bedrock in the field of electrical engineering.

Ohm’s Law deals with the relationship   between voltage, which is the electrical potential energy per unit, current, which is the flow of electric charge,  and resistance, the hindrance to the flow of the charge.

Ohm’s Law states that current has a directly proportional relationship with voltage and a inversely proportional relationship with resistance.

The Ohm’s Law formula is V = I x R. Wherein, V is the potential difference between two points which include a resistance, R, while I is the current flowing through the resistance.

Being a basic electrical engineering law, Ohm’s Law deals with electrical circuits and is considered as the most fundamental formula in electrical circuits. An electrical circuit is a path in which electrons from a volatage or a current source flows.

Ohm’s Law also states that the electrical current passing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor.

The voltage in a series circuit is shared by all the other terminals in the circuit. Therefore, the terminals dont get the same voltage as the others. Also, when one of the terminals is taken out the others will not function.

However, in a parallel circuit the electrons have

What happens to the voltage in a series-circuit? What about the current? (Use Data Here)

WHAT DATA THERE IS NO DATA

What happens to the voltage in a parallel-circuit?

THERE IS NO DATA

What is the significance of Ohm’s Law in electrical circuits as regards proper handling and safety?

Ohm’s Laws significance in terms of proper handling and safety can be seen through the usage of extension cords. Knowing how much current an extension card can take can be the defining line between safety and danger.

It is also important to know how to derive the current from the resistance. Especially since sometimes it is only the resistance that is shown and not the actual possible input current of the cord.

VII. CONCLUSION

OHMS LAW IS IMPORTANT OKIE